The colloids yihiin Isku -darka isku -dhafanSida xalalka oo kale, laakiin kiiskan marka la eego baaxad yar, qayb ka mid ah hal ama in ka badan oo walxo ah ayaa la kala saaraa, wejiga kala firdhay ama joojiyay, kaas oo lagu kala firdhiyey walax kale oo la yidhaahdo firdhinta ama wejiga joogtada ah.
Ereyga colloid waxaa soo bandhigay farmashiyaha reer Scotland Thomas Graham in 1861 wuxuuna ka soo jeedaa xididka Giriigga kolas (κoλλα), oo macnaheedu yahay “taasi way raacdaa"Ama"aan caqli lahayn”, Tani waxay la xiriirtaa hantida walxaha noocan ah si aysan u dhex marin shaandhooyinka caadiga ah.
In colloids, walxaha ku jira wejiga kala firdhay ayaa ku filan inay ku kala firdhiyaan iftiinka (saamayn indhaha ah oo loo yaqaan saamaynta Tyndall), laakiin aan aad u yarayn si loo soo daadiyo oo loo kala tago. Jiritaanka saameyntan indhaha ayaa suurtogal ka dhigaysa in la kala saaro colloid -ka xal ama xal. Qurubyo colloid ah leeyihiin dhexroor u dhexeeya 1 nanometer iyo micrometer; xalalka ayaa ka yar 1 nanometer.Isku -darka isku -dhafka ah ee ka kooban koloollada waxaa loo yaqaan micelles.
Xaaladda jir ahaaneed ee colloid -ka waxaa lagu qeexaa xaaladda jireed ee marxaladda kala firdhinta, taas oo noqon karta dareere, adag ama gaas; wejiga kala firdhay ayaa sidoo kale u dhigmi kara mid ka mid ah saddexdaas nooc, in kasta oo kolloids gaasku had iyo jeer waa dareere ama adag.
Walxaha Colloidal waxay muhiim u yihiin samaynta agabyo warshadeed oo tiro badan oo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo oo aad u ballaaran, sida rinjiga, baco, sunta cayayaanka ee beeraha, khadadka, sibidhka, saabuunta, saliidaha, saabuunta, xabagta iyo cuntooyinka kala duwan. Colloids -ka ku jira carrada ayaa gacan ka geysta haynta biyaha iyo nafaqooyinka.
Daawada, colloids ama balaariyaha plasma ayaa loo maamulaa si loo ballaariyo mugga xididada dhiigga muddo dheer intii lagu gaari lahaa isticmaalka crystalloids.
Colloids waxay noqon kartaa biyo -mareenka ama hydrophobic. Surfactants sida saabuunyo (cusbada silsiladda dufanka dheer) ama saabuunta waxay sameeyaan colloids urur, u oggolaanaya xasilinta colloids hydrophobic.
Marka si cad loo kala saari karo inta u dhaxaysa wajiga kala firdhay iyo dhexdhexaadinta kala firdhaysa, waxa la yidhaahdaa colloid fudud. Waxaa jira colloids kale oo ka sii adag, sida nidaamyada koloydka ee reticular, oo labada weji ay ku samaysmeen shabakado isku xidhan (muraayado isku jira iyo jel iyo kareemo badan ayaa ah noocaan), iyo waxa loogu yeero colloids badan, kaas oo dhex-dhexaadinta kala firdhiya leh laba weji ama ka badan oo kala firdhay, kuwaas oo si fiican u kala qaybsan. Labaatan tusaalood oo colloids ah ayaa hoos lagu bixiyay:
- Kareemka caanaha
- Caano
- Rinjiga caagga ah
- Xumbo
- Jelly
- Ceeryaan
- Qiiq
- Montmorillonite iyo dhoobada silicate kale
- Maaddo dabiici ah
- Kaarjaanka bovine
- Aasaaska Albumin
- Plasma
- Dextrans
- Hydroethyl istaarijka
- Lafo xidhan
- Qiiqa
- Saabuunta
- Jel silica
- Xabagta titanium
- Ruby
