10 Tusaalooyinka Polymers - Encyclopedia

Dareemoleyad: GCSE Chemistry - What is a Polymer? Polymers / Monomers / Their Properties Explained #23

Qanacsan

Noocyada polymer -ka
Tusaalooyinka polymer -ka

The polymers Waxay yihiin molecules waaweyn (macromolecules) oo ka kooban midowga laba ama in ka badan oo ah molecules loo yaqaan monomers. Monomers waxay ku xiran yihiin midba midka kale iyada oo loo marayo curaarta covalent.

Polymer -ku waa xeryo aad muhiim u ah, maadaama qaarkood ay fuliyaan shaqooyin muhiim u ah noolaha, tusaale ahaan: borotiinada, DNA. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku jira dabeecadda iyo ficil ahaan wax kasta oo nagu xeeran, tusaale ahaan: caag ku jira alaabta carruurtu ku ciyaarto; cinjir taayirrada baabuurta; dhogor dhididka.

Marka loo eego asalkooda, polymer -ka waxaa loo kala saari karaa: dabiici ah, sida istaarijka ama cellulose; semisynthetics, sida nitrocellulose; iyo macmal, sida nylon ama polycarbonate. Intaa waxaa dheer, isla polymer -kaan waxaa lagu kala saari karaa iyadoo la raacayo farsamaynta polymerization -ka (habka monomers -ku u maro si ay u sameeyaan silsilad oo ay u noqdaan polymer), iyadoo loo eegayo halabuurka kiimikada iyo habdhaqankooda kuleylka.

Noocyada polymer -ka

Marka loo eego asalkeeda:

Polymer -ka dabiiciga ah. Waxay yihiin kuwa polymer -ka laga helo dabeecadda. Tusaale ahaan: DNA, istaarij, xariir, barootiin.
Polymers macmal ah. Iyagu waa kuwa polymer -ka ah ee uu abuuray ninku iyada oo loo marayo khalkhalgelinta warshadaha ee monomers. Tusaale ahaan: caag, fiilo, caag.
Polymer-Semi-synthetic. Iyagu waa kuwa polymer -ka ah ee lagu helo iyada oo loo beddelo polymer -ka dabiiciga ah iyada oo loo marayo hababka kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan: etonite, nictrocellulose.

Raac: Polymer dabiici ah iyo macmal ah

Marka loo eego habka polymerization:

Ku darsoo. Nooc ka -samaynta polymerization -ka oo dhaca marka cufnaanta molecular ee polymer -ku ay tahay tiro dhab ah oo ka mid ah cufnaanta monomer -ka. Tusaale ahaan: chloride vinyl.

Uumiga Nooca polymerization -ka ee dhaca marka cufnaanta moodeelka ee polymer -ku aysan ahayn tiro dhab ah oo ka mid ah cufnaanta monomer -ka, tani waxay dhacdaa maxaa yeelay midowga monomers -ka waxaa ka lumaya biyo ama molecule. Tusaale ahaan: silikoon.

Sida ay ka kooban tahay:

Polymer -yada dabiiciga ah. Nooca polymer -yada leh atamka kaarboonka silsiladooda ugu weyn. Tusaale ahaan: ahdhogor, suuf.
Vinyl polymer -ka dabiiciga ah. Nooca polymer -ka oo silsiladdiisa ugu weyn ay ka kooban tahay atamka kaarboon. Tusaale ahaan: polyetylen.
Polymer-yada aan dabiibka ahayn ee vinyl. Nooca polymer -yada leh kaarboon iyo oksijiin iyo / ama atamka nitrogen ee silsiladooda ugu weyn. Tusaale ahaan: polyester -ka.
Polymer aan nooleyn. Nooca polymer -ka ee aan lahayn atamka kaarboonka silsiladooda ugu weyn. Tusaale ahaan: silikoon.

Marka loo eego dhaqankeeda kuleylka:

Heer sare Nooca polymer -ka oo marka heerkulkoodu kor u kaco, u burbura si kiimiko ah. Tusaale ahaan: ebonite.
Thermoplastics. Nooca polymer -ka oo jilcin kara ama dhalaali kara marka la kululaado ka dibna dib u soo ceshada hantidooda marka la qaboojiyo. Tusaale ahaan: nylon.
Elastomers. Nooca polymer -ka oo si fudud loo maareyn karo loona qaabayn karo iyadoon lumin hantidooda ama dhismahooda. Tusaale ahaan: caag, silikoon.