Qanacsan
Thehydroxides ka dhasha isku darka a xabagta birta (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno oksida aasaasiga ah) iyo biyaha. Sidan, isku -darka hydroxides -ka waxaa lagu siiyaa saddex walxood: oksijiin, hydrogen iyo birta su'aasha. Marka la isku daro, birtu had iyo jeer waxay u dhaqantaa sidii cation iyo curiyaha kooxda hydroxide wuxuu u dhaqmaa sida anion.
Hydroxides guud ahaan waxay wadaagaan tiro astaamo ah, sida yeelashada dhadhan qadhaadh sida saabuun, siibasho taabasho, noqosho, lahaansho xoogaa saabuun iyo saabuun leh, kala diridda saliidaha iyo baaruudda, iyo falcelinta aashitooyinka si loo soo saaro cusbada.
Dhinaca kale, sifooyinka qaarkood ayaa gaar u ah nooc kasta oo hydroxide ah, sida soodiyam, oo si degdeg ah u nuugaysa kaarboon laba ogsaydh iyo biyo; kaalshiyamka laga helo falcelinta kaalshiyamka oksaydhka ee biyaha; ama bir (II) oo ficil ahaan aan biyo ku milmin.
Maxay u adeegsadaan?
Codsiyada hydroxides -ka ayaa waliba ku kala duwan xaaladaha kala duwan:
- The sodium hydroxide, tusaale ahaan, waxay la xiriirtaa warshadaha saabuunta iyo quruxda iyo alaabta daryeelka jirka.
- The calcium hydroxideDhinaceeda, waxay ku leedahay kaalin dhexdhexaad ah geedi socodka qaarkood sida helitaanka kaarboonaydh sodium.
- The lithium hydroxide Waxaa loo adeegsadaa soo saarista dhoobada, halka magnesium loo isticmaalo sidii antacid ama calool jilciye.
- The birta hydroxide Waxaa loo adeegsadaa habka bacriminta dhirta.
Magacyada
Sida badan oo ka mid ah isku -darka kiimikada, waxaa jira magacyo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay hydroxides:
- The magac -dhaqameedka dhaqanka, tusaale ahaan, waa midda ku bilaabanta erayga hydroxide ee raaca curiyaha laakiin tixgalinaysa qiimaynta ay ku shaqayso: marka ay ku jirto hal valence dhammaadka 'ico' ayaa la adeegsan doonaa, marka ay laba la jiraan waxay noqo kan leh qiimaha ugu sarreeya ee soo afjaraya 'orso' iyo kan leh dhammaad yar oo leh 'ico', iyo marka ay ku shaqayso saddex ama afar faallood, bilowga 'hiccup' ama 'per' ayaa sidoo kale lagu dari doonaa sida kiisku noqon karo ahaansho.
- The Magacaabista saamiyada waa midka adeegsada erayga hydroxide, laakiin halkii uu ka buuxin lahaa kelmad qudha, wuxuu adeegsadaa hordhaca 'of' ka dibna biraha, isagoo ku dhejinaya meelayaasha.
- The habayn habaysan waa kan horgalaha tirooyinka hordhaca u ah erayga hydroxide.
Tusaalooyinka hydroxides
- Leedh (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, dihydroxide led.
- Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, quadhydroxide platinum.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Hydroxide Ferrous, Fe (OH)2, dihydroxide bir ah.
- Leedhka (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, tetrahydroxide led.
- Silver hydroxide, AgOH, hydroxide lacag ah.
- Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, cobalt dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, birta trihydroxide.
- Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, dihydroxide copper.
- Aluminium hydroxide, Al (OH)3, aluminium trihydroxide.
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, Cd (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, mercury dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, hydroxide copper.
- Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium hydroxide.
Mararka qaarkood, hydroxides -ku waxay leeyihiin magacyo caadi ah oo ay bixiyaan isticmaalkooda caadiga ah, sida sodium hydroxide oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan caustic soda, potassium hydroxide oo la yiraahdo caustic potash, calcium hydroxide oo loo yaqaan biyaha lime ama lime la bakhtiiyay, iyo magnesium waxaa la yiraahdaa caanaha magnesia.
- La soco: Tusaalooyinka hydroxides (sharaxay)
