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Qanacsan
A saldhig kiimiko waa intaas oo dhan walaxda kala dirtaa waxay sii deysaa ions hydroxyl (OH–). Saldhigyada kiimikada ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan alkalis, maxaa yeelay iyada oo la kala saaro oo la sii daayo kooxaha hydroxyl, the pH ee xalalka ayaa kordha, taas oo ah, xalku wuxuu noqonayaa alkaline. Tani waxay lid ku tahay waxa dhaca marka a aashito, maxaa yeelay hadday sidaa tahay pH -gu way yaraataa oo xalku wuxuu noqdaa acidic.
The saldhigyada waxay leeyihiin dhadhan qadhaadh. Ka dib marka la kala diro, xalalka ka dhasha waxay qabtaan korantada (sababtuna tahay joogitaanka ion) iyo badanaa caustic iyo cuncun maqaarka iyo unugyada kale ee dadka iyo xayawaanka.
Saldhigyada waxay dhexdhexaadiyaan asiidhyada, badiyaa waxay sameeyaan cusbo. Xalalka alkaline waxay u muuqdaan inay dareemaan siibasho ama saabuun; Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah waxay isla markiiba soo saaraan saponification of the dufanka jooga maqaarka dushiisa.
The milicsiga hydroxides -ku wuxuu ku xiran yahay birta. . Amine iyo saldhigyada aashitada asiidhka ayaa ah kuwa ugu baahsan saldhigyada dabiiciga ah.
Isticmaalka saldhigyada
Sodium hydroxide waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha: waa waxa loogu yeero soodhaha caustic. In wax soo saarka ee saabuun dufanka xoolaha ama khudaarta ayaa la isticmaalaa, kuwaas oo lagu kariyo hydroxide sodium, sidaas darteed stearate sodium ayaa la sameeyay.
Sodium hydroxide ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda nadiifiyaha foornada, soo saaridda saxarka waraaqaha ah iyo qaar nadiifiyeyaasha guriga. Saldhig kale oo si weyn loo isticmaalo waa kalsiyum hydroxide, kaas oo ah lime off in loo isticmaalo dhismaha.
Tusaalooyinka saldhigyada kiimikada
sodium hydroxide (soodhaha caustic) | Aniline |
Saldhigga Schiff | Guanine |
calcium hydroxide (lime) | Pyrimidine |
potassium hydroxide | Cytosine |
barium hydroxide | Adenine |
magnesium hydroxide (caanaha magnesia) | zinc hydroxide |
Ammonia | hydroxide copper |
Saabuun | birta hydroxide |
Saabuunta | titanium hydroxide |
Quinine | aluminium hydroxide (antacid) |