Iskuduwayaasha Dabiiciga ah iyo Inorganic

Qanacsan

• Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda dabiiciga ah
• Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda aan nooleyn

The xeryahooda kiimikada waa walxo ka kooban laba ama ka badan walxaha oo midba midka kale xiriir la leeyahay, sidaasna ku dhalisay walax cusub oo ka duwan. Sida laga soo xigtay nooca atamka kuwaas oo ka kooban xeryahooda, waxaan ka hadli karnaa xeryahooda organic iyo inorganic:

La magacaabay xeryahooda dabiiciga ah kuwa ay ku jiraan inta badan kaarboonka iyo atamka hydrogen, ee isku xidhka iyo ka kooban walxaha kale. Bari nooca xeryahooda leeyihiin curaarta covalent (inta u dhaxaysa atomyada aan macdanta ahayn) oo ka kooban dhowr (laga bilaabo laba ilaa shan) waxayna yihiin kuwo aad u adag, oo jira ku dhawaad ​​10 milyan oo xeryood oo noocan ah. Waxay abuuraan nolosha waxaana qariya noolaha.

The xeryahooda inorganic, dhanka kale, inta badan kuma jiraan atamyada kaarboonka, ama dammaanadaha hydrogen-carbon (sida caadiga ah hydrocarbons), iyo atamyadooda waxaa lagu xiriirin karaa curaarta ionic (atom iyo macdan aan macdan ahayn) ama covalent. Yihiin walxo wuxuu ka koobnaan karaa waxyaabo badan oo ka yimid ilo kasta oo ku yaal miiska xilliyeedka waana kaariyeyaasha korontada ee wanaagsan.

Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda dabiiciga ah

1. Methanol (CH₃OH). Waxaa loo yaqaanaa alwaax ama aalkolada methyl, khamriga ugu fudud ayaa jira.
2. Propanone (C.₃H₆AMA). Acetone dareeraha caadiga ah, guban kara oo hufan, oo leh ur dabeecad leh.
3. Acetylene (C.₂H₂). Sidoo kale loo yaqaan ethyne, waa gaaska alkyne oo ka khafiifsan hawada oo aan midab lahayn, aad u ololi kara.
4. Etyl ethanoate (CH₃-COO-C₂H₅). Waxa kale oo loo yaqaanaa ethyl acetate ama khal ether, oo loo isticmaalo dareere ahaan.
5. Formol (CH₂0). Waxaa loo adeegsadaa sidii maaddo noole (shaybaarro, mayd), waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa methanal ama formaldehyde.
6. Glycerin (C.₃H₈AMA₃). Glycerol ama propanetriol, waa badeecad dhexdhexaad ah oo halsano khamriga iyo habaynta dheefshiidka ee dufanka.
7. Glucose (C₆H₁₂AMA₆). Unugga aasaasiga ah ee tamarta noolaha waa sonkorta monosaccharide.
8. Ethanol (C.₂H₆AMA). Khamriga ethyl, oo ku jira cabbitaannada aalkolada, natiijada ka -soo -saarka anaerobic ee sonkorta leh khamiirka.
9. Isopropanol (C.₃H₈AMA). Khamriga Isopropyl, isomer of propanol, wuxuu noqdaa acetone marka la qayilo.
10. Acetylsalicylic acid (C₉H₈AMA₄). Isku-darka firfircoon ee asbiriin: xanuunka, antipyretic, anti-bararka.
11. Sucrose (C.₁₂H₂₂AMA₁₁). Kuwa ugu badan ee karbohaydraytyada: sonkorta miiska.
12. Fructose (C₆H₁₂AMA₆). Sonkorta midhuhu waxay haysaa xiriir isomeric ah oo leh gulukoos.
13. Cellulose (C.₆H₁₀AMA₅). Xarunta ugu weyn ee noolaha dhirta, waxay u adeegtaa qaab dhismeedka darbiga unugga dhirta iyo kaydka tamarta.
14. Nitroglycerin (C.₃H₅N₃AMA₉). Qarax aad u xoog badan, waxaa lagu helaa isku darka nitric acid, sulfuric acid iyo glycerin.
15. Lactic acid (C₃H₆AMA₃). Lagama maarmaanka u ah geedi socodka tamarta jidhka bini'aadamka marka la eego cufnaanta oksijiinta, soosaarka gulukooska iyada oo loo marayo halsano lactic.
16. Benzocaine (C₉H₁₁MAYA₂). Waxaa loo isticmaalay suuxdinta gudaha, in kasta oo isticmaalkeeda dhallaanka ay leedahay saamayn labaad oo sumoobo sare leh.
17. Lidocaine (C₁₄H₂₂N₂AMA). Suuxin kale, oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo ilkaha iyo sida antiarrhythmic -ka.
18. Lactose (C₁₂H₂₂AMA₁₁). Waxaa laga sameeyay galactose iyo glucose, waa sonkorta siisa caanaha xoolaha culeyskeeda tamarta.
19. Kokain (C₁₇H₂₁MAYA₄). Alloid xoog leh oo laga soo saaray geedka coca oo la isku daray si loo soo saaro daroogo sharci darro ah oo isku magac ah
20. Ascorbic acid (C₆H₈AMA₆). Waxa kale oo loo yaqaannaa fitamiin C -ga muhiimka ah ee miraha liinta.

Waxay kuu adeegi kartaa: Tusaalooyinka Dhadhanka Dabiiciga ah

Tusaalooyinka xeryahooda aan nooleyn

1. Chloride Sodium (NaCl). Cusbada guud ee cuntadeena.
2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu awoodda badan asiidh la yaqaan, waa mid ka mid ah kuwa calooshu qariso si ay cuntada u dheefsato.
3. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). Aashitada biyo -diidka, u adkaysata oksaydhka, uumiga iyo dhimista, oo loo isticmaalo warshadaha cabitaanka fudud.
4. Sulfuric acid (H₂SW₄). Mid ka mid ah daxaladaha ugu waaweyn ee la yaqaan, waxaa si weyn loogu adeegsadaa noocyada kala duwan ee warshadaha waxaana laga soo saaraa tiro badan oo adduunka ah.
5. Potassium iodide (KI). Milixdan ayaa si weyn loogu adeegsadaa sawir qaadista iyo daaweynta shucaaca.
6. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂AMA₇). Cusbada Oranjiga, oo aad u oksaydh, oo awood u leh inay keento dab marka ay taabato walxaha dabiiciga ah.
7. Koloriin qalin (AgCl). Si baaxad leh ayaa loogu adeegsadaa kiimikada korontada iyo shaybaarrada, sababtuna waa biyo -yaraanta aadka u hooseysa ee biyaha, waa bir adag.
8. Ammonia (NH₃). Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan azano ama gaas ammonium, waa gaas aan midab lahayn oo hodan ku ah nitrogen oo leh ur gaar ah oo wax iska celisa.
9. Sulfate Cuprous (Cu₂SW₄). Milix aan milmin
10. Silicon oxide (SiO₂). Caadi ahaan loo yaqaan silica, waxay samaysaa quartz iyo opal, waana mid ka mid ah qaybaha ciidda.
11. Birta sulfate (FeSO₄). Sidoo kale loo yaqaan vitriol cagaaran, melanterite ama caparrosa cagaaran, waa cusbo buluug-cagaar ah oo loo isticmaalo midab ahaan iyo daawaynta dhiig-yaraannada qaarkood.
12. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃). Muddo dheer loo adeegsan jiray antacid iyo warshadaha dhalada iyo sibidhka, waa walax aad ugu badan dabeecadda, sida dhagaxyada ama sida qolofka iyo qallafsanaanta xayawaanka qaarkood.
13. Lime (CaO). Waa kaalshiyam kalsiyum nooc kasta oo ay tahay, oo si weyn loogu adeegsado isku -darka dhismaha sida xidhmooyin.
14. Bicarbonate sodium (NaHCO₃). Ku jira dab -bakhtiiyeyaasha ama alaabooyin badan oo cunto iyo daawo ah, waxay leedahay pH aad u alkaline ah.
15. Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium soda, oo loo isticmaalo soo saarista saabuunta iyo dareeraha kale.
16. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Waxaa loogu yeeraa caustic soda ama caustic soda, waxaa loo adeegsadaa waraaqaha, dharka iyo saabuunta iyo warshadaha furitaanka.
17. Amooniyam amooniyam (NH₄MAYA₃). Bacriminta beeraha oo awood leh.
18. Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). Waxaa loo isticmaalay soo saarista midabada (sida buluugga cobalt).
19. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Cusbo Epsom ama cusbo Ingiriis, marka lagu darayo biyo. Waxay leedahay adeegsiyo caafimaad oo badan, gaar ahaan muruqa, ama sida cusbada qubeyska.
20. Barium chloride (BaCl₂). Cusbo aad u sun ah oo loo isticmaalo midabada, daaweynta birta, iyo rashka.