The alkynes ama hydrocarbons acetylenic yihiin hydrocarbons-ka lagu garto joogitaanka kaarboonka-kaarboonka saddexlaha ah. Alkynes non-cyclices waxay ka jawaabaan caanaha molecular CnH2n-2. Waxay leeyihiin heer aasaasi xitaa ka sarreeya kan alkenes.
Waxaa ka mid ah sifooyinka kiimikada ee alkynes waxay muujineysaa xaqiiqda ah inay yihiin xeryahooda polarity hooseeyo, haddaba aan biyo ku milmin, laakiin si cadaalad ah ugu milmi kara dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah ee caadiga ah sida ether, benzene, ama carbon tetrachloride.
Thedhibco karkaraya oo dhalaalaya alkynes waxay aad ugu eg yihiin kuwa alkanes ama alkenes oo leh tiro kaarboon siman. Dhinaca kale, saamaynta ay ku yeelanayso jaangooyooyinkan jireed, oo leh tirada kaarboonyada iyo joogitaanka laamaha silsiladda (oo isku jihada isku beddelaya), ayaa aad loo dareemi karaa.
Alkyne ugu fudud waa acetylene, waxay raacaan propylene (ama caaro) iyo butino, kaas oo noqon kara 1-butyne (xidhxidh saddex-laab ah oo ku jira molikulku) ama 2-butyne (xidhxidh saddex-laab ah oo ku jira bartamaha molecule-ka). Saddexdaa waa gaasas; kuwa leh tirada ugu badan ee atamka kaarboon waa cabitaanno ama adag.
Si la mid ah alkenes, curaarta saddexda ah ee lagu garto alkynes -ka ayaa siiya falcelin kiimiko oo weyn walxahan oo ka dhiga kuwo aad ugu nugul inay la kulmaan falcelinno dheeri ah (hydrogen, halogens, biyo, iwm) iyo kuwa kale. Si kastaba ha noqotee, saddexda dammaanadood ee ku biira hal atom kaarboon mid kale ma aha mid u dhigma: midkood (oo loo yaqaanno sigma bond) wuu ka xoog badan yahay wuxuuna u dhaqmaa sida mas'uulka ugu weyn ururka. Isku -dhafka ka dhashay wuxuu ku dhici karaa inuu yeesho dammaanad laba jibbaar ah ama kaliya hal dammaanad.
Isku -dhafka leh saddexda silsiladood ee dhammaadka silsiladda waxaa la yiraahdaa alkynes terminal; xeryahooda waxaa lagu gartaa aysiidh la calaamadeeyay. Dhab ahaantii, alkynes -ka terminal waa hydrocarbons -ka ugu fudud aashitada. Dhererka u dhexeeya atamka kaarboonka ee dammaanadda waa 1.20 amstrongs (xitaa wuu ka gaaban yahay kan alkenes ─1.34 amstrongs─- iyo kan alkanes ─1.54 amstrongs─). Xirmooyinka kaarboonka-kaarboonka ah ee keli ah, labalaab iyo saddexle ah ayaa ku wada noolaan kara isla molecule. Markay taasi dhacdo, hydrocarbon -ka waxaa loogu magacdaray alkyne oo booska dammaanadda labajibbaaran waxaa lagu tilmaamaa dhammaadka "ene", gelinta meeshii ku habboon
Tusaalooyinka alkynes ayaa hoos ku taxan:
- ethyne (acetylene)
- caaro
- 2- pentin
- 2-butyne
- 1-butyne
- Oktoobar 3
- 2-nonino
- Methyl acetylene
- Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- Acetylene Propyl
- Terbutyl acetylene
- 6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- 5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- 3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- cyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- 3,5,7-decatriino
- 6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
