Qanacsan
The alkenes waa iskudhafyo ay kujiraan xidhmooyin laba-kaarboon-kaarboon leh, oo ka jawaaba caanaha moodeelka CnH2n; Alkenes aan dabiici ahayn ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan olefins waxayna u dhigantaa kooxda hydrocarbons aliphatics aan la dhergin, oo muhiim u ah soosaarka batroolka.
Waxaa jira silsilad gaaban, dhexdhexaad ah ama dheer; Waxaa sidoo kale jira alkenes cyclic ama cycloalkenes waxaana jira xitaa alkenes gudaha xeryahooda dabiiciga ah.
Thealkenes, haysashada dammaanadda laba-kaarboon-kaarboon, leeyihiin haroojiin ka yar alkane oo leh tiro siman oo atamka kaarboon. Meesha dammaanadda laba-laabka ah waxaa lagu muujiyaa gelinta ka hor dhicitaanka "-eno"Horgalaha Laatiinka oo tilmaamaya tirada kaarboonka halkaasoo dammaanadda laba -geesoodku ka bilaabato (tetra, penta, octa, iwm); waxyaabaha beddelka ah (badiyaa koloriin, bromiin, ethyl, methyl, iwm.) waxaa loo magacaabaa sida horgaleyaasha (bilowga magaca), oo faahfaahsan oo u kala horreeya.
Xusuusin: Marka la eego sida ay u adag tahay magaca kiimikada ee la aasaasay iyadoo la raacayo shuruudaha IUPAC waxay noqon kartaa, alkenes badan oo dabiici ah oo dabiici ah ayaa leh magacyo qurxoon, oo badanaa la xiriira ilaha dabiiciga ah.
The alkenes ilaa afar carbons yihiin gaasas heerkulka qolka, kuwa leh 4 ilaa 18 carbons waa cabitaanno oo ugu dheer yihiin adag. Waxay ku milmaan dareerayaal dabiici ah sida ether ama aalkolo, xoogaa wayna ka cufan yihiin alkanesyada u dhigma, in kasta oo ay leeyihiin meel hoose oo dhalaalaysa iyo dhibco karkaraya. Sababtoo ah xiisadda ka dhalatay dammaanadda laba -geesoodka ah, masaafada u dhexaysa atamka kaarboonka waa 1.34 angstroms alkene, iyo 1.50 angstroms oo ku jira alkane u dhigma.
Waxay soo bandhigaan a falcelin aad u sarreeya marka loo eego alkanes, si hufan sababta oo ah waxay leedahay dammaanad labalaab ah, taas oo jebin karta oo oggolaan karta in lagu daro atamka kale, badanaa hydrogen ama halogens. Waxay kaloo la kulmi karaan qayilo iyo polymerization. Alkenes badiyaa waxay leeyihiin isomerism-ka cis-trans ama stereoisomerism, maaddaama atamka kaarboonka ee ku xiran dammaanadda laba-laabma aysan meereyn karin taasina waxay abuurtaa diyaarado kala duwan. Alkenes oo leh laba dammaanad oo laba jibbaaran ayaa loo yaqaan dienes, kuwa leh wax ka badan laba dammaanad labalaabna guud ahaan waxaa loo yaqaan polyenes.
At dunida dhirta alkenes aad bay u badan yihiin waxayna leeyihiin doorar jidheed oo aad u muhiim ah, sida nidaaminta habka bislaanshaha miraha ama sifeynta shucaaca qoraxda qaarkood. Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee alkenes -ka dabiiciga ahi badiyaa waa mid aad u adag waxaana ku jira silsilado kaarboon iyo siddooyin. Miraha qaarkood sida karootada ama yaanyada, iyo qaar ka mid ah qolofka sida crabs, waxay soo saaraan xaddi badan oo beta carotene, alkene muhiim ah oo hordhac u ah fitamiin A.
Tusaalooyinka alkenes
| Ethylene ama ethene | 2-methyl propene |
| Kolestaroolka | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Mycenae | Propene ama propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Laan -kolesterool | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Kaafuur | Mentofuran |
Waxay kuu adeegi kartaa:
- Tusaalooyinka Alkanes
- Tusaalooyinka Hydrocarbons
- Tusaalooyinka Alkynes
